This paper presents the types, functions and technologies using geo-synthetic material with an analysis of their use in the construction,rehabilitation, reconstruction, substitution, repair and maintenance of forest roads. Geo-synthetics are all building materials in the form of synthetic origin polymers (polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyester) that are used in a variety of geotechnical structures in the construction industry in general, and in the forest construction. Although there is great potential for their application, these materials have not been used in engineering of forest roads in Serbia.

Rad je baziran na analizi nosećih arhitektonskih konstrukcija i mogućim negativnim uticajima koji na njih utiču. Istraživanje je usmereno ka definisanju metoda produženja upotrebnog veka i trajnosti arhitektonskih konstrukcija. Oštećenje koncepta noseće konstrukcije, značilo bi i povredu funkcionalnosti, forme i estetike objekta. Izbor materijala i sistema noseće konstrukcije je važan sa aspekta arhitektonskog projektovanja, oblikovanja i funkcionalnosti, ali i sigurnosti i pouzdanosti. U tom smislu, trajnost konstrukcije višestruko je važna, kako za arhitektonsku formu tako i za značaj objekta. Izbor materijala, koji se smatra krucijalnim u smislu trjnosti konstrukcije, a izabran prema funkcionalnoj nameni je energetski održiv. Upravo u radu se ističe značaj životne sredine i njihov uticaj na trajnost materijala i konstrukcija sa ciljem da se i projektantima konstrukcija nametne kao imput u modeliranju proračunskih modela.

One of the beneficial methodologies for growing and developing a level of tourism which is sustainable and enhances the totality of local and regional environments is a multi-stakeholder approach to tourism development. In this paper, we present the case of the “Heritage trails through Dolenjska and Bela krajina in SE Slovenia” by which sustainable rural development takes an integrated approach in terms of start-up, implementation and development and is supported by and benefits from the notion of a core of multiple stakeholders. It is clear that: • Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills, harnessed in a bottom-up model of development, will have a huge impact on rural and agri-tourist micro-economies at a local community level. The effect in driving wealth creation and expanding employment is measurable in a very tangible and transparent way • Furthermore, multi-stakeholder tourism projects benefit the ownership transformation process by forcing public, privateand social ownership agents and enterprises to work together for common benefit. Because of the bottom up approach the measurable value at an enterprise or agency level is also more tangible and obvious • We can also see that by engaging local public agencies, the dimension of environmental planning and protection can be assured. In this way the sustainable nature of tourism and its impact on the local environment can be assessed and given due priority • At the same time, in such integrated projects, individual entrepreneurs begin to comprehend and understand the value of co-operation as well as of competition. A key feature is often the need for small-scale tourism entrepreneurs to develop a promotional mechanism to market their product or service at a wider national and international level. Individually the costs of such an activity are too great for micro-enterprises, but they are possible for groups of enterprises. This evidences how an integrated model enables participants to benefit from the totality and complexity of resources and skills held by all stakeholders Clearly the model we are referring to, as demonstrated in the Case Study utilised in this paper, has a very precise local/regional orientation. The Heritage Trail of Dolenjska & Bela krajina Case Study has a rural base and is profoundly affected by the necessity to attract tourism inputs without damaging the sensitivities of the rural environment. It also has astrong multi-st akeholder approach which in many ways illustrates the impact in EU-funded programmes of the concept of subsidiarity - aiming at seamless connectivity between EU supranational policy and funding, member state objectives in macro-economic harmonisation and stabilities and local micro-economic needs.

Koncept klastera postaje jedna od vodećih ideja razvoja nacionalnih privreda krajem XX veka. Pored značaja lokacije klastera, posebnu pažnju treba obratiti na podizanje svesti o potrebi za poboljšanjem obrazovanja i usavršavanjem kadrova koji bi činili okosnicu razvoja klastera. Zato poseban akcenat u radu je stavljen na značaju obrazovanja i potrebi za njegovim poboljšanjem radi ostvarivanja što bolje sprege klastera i jedinica obrazovnog sistema.

In order to adjust procedures in Serbia to the ones of other European countries, a strategic planning of cluster development in Serbia needs to be performed. There are more than 55 clusters in Serbia. Clusters represent significant tool of sustainable economic development. LEDIB Cluster House, an innovative organization, was formed in Nis in purpose of developing clusters all over South-East Serbia, with the mission to establish cooperation of business community organized into clusters and public and scientific-research sectors. Increase in the number of clusters in Serbia indicates that there is a need to create specific training for associates in the area of cluster development in Serbia. By applying the multidisciplinary approach in training of cluster facilitators, based on cooperation of Universities, business organizations and clusters, and with strong support of public sector, LEDIB Cluster House is contributing to creation of expert assistants – cluster facilitators, who will enable professional development of clusters in Serbia, strengthening thus the SME sector competitiveness through support to innovations.

Udruživanje naučno-istraživačkih institucija u doba globalizacije i svetske ekonomske krize, sve više dobija na značaju početkom XXI veka. Time bi se pojednostavila razmena informacija, novih tehnologija i usavršavanje istraživačkog kadra. Radom je obuhvaćen pristup zasnovan na klasterskom povezivanju naučnih organizacija u COST.

The main aim of the paper is to identify education quality focused on the need to make profound connection with the business environment with the goal of employability of graduates. The findings suggest that flow of ideas and information with focus on knowledge within the cluster serves as a powerful force for potential change in educational systems where links between practice and theory are firmly grounded and applied as the means to develop appropriate teaching and pedagogical strategies to meet the student’s needs.

Small and medium companies can significantly increase their competitiveness by interconnecting into business clusters, business incubators or technology parks. This interconnection contributes to the growth and development of not only cluster members, but has a regional and a national dimension. Without it, there can be no significant penetration into international markets. Due to all these factors, the issue of encouraging cluster connectivity must be given much greater attention in Serbia. In addition to a simulative economic policy, the process of development of clusters must be based on adequate human potentials where the key place belongs to the management of companies in a cluster and the management of the entire cluster.

Contemporary competitiveness depends on productivity but not on its approach to production factors or company size. Productivity lies on a competition of companies, that is, organizations can improve productivity in any branch if use sophisticated methods, advanced technologies and offer unique products and services. Sophistication by which the company competes in certain area is greatly affected by quality of local business environment. Clusters operate on competitiveness of organizations in three ways: first, by increase of productivity of the companies in environment, second, supporting and managing the innovations contributing the productivity increase, and third, enhancing the initiation of the new business enlarging and strengthening the cluster.